Cultural Dimensions Of Construction Engineers In Thailand Related To On-Site Management

Each individual have their own national culture which is inherent to their life when they live in their home country. Hofstede (1980) argued that people carry “mental programs” that are developed and reinforced through their experience, and these “mental programs” contain a component of national culture.

Cultural aspect in construction industry is also important. Hofstede (2005) stated that culture is more often a source of conflict than of synergy and cultural are a nuisance at best and often a disaster. People in management level know that culture has impact on their work but they do not think that culture can cause huge problems. However, many conflicts and problems are caused by national culture.

Construction industries are multidimensional and complex. It involves not only technical and financial aspect but also social aspect. All social behavior is related to culturally-based. Mishandling and mismanaging in culture different can cause risks. Construction company that would like to complete or manage construction projects must understand culture clearly (Pheng et.al, 2000). It is important for the engineer to understand about national culture that has effects on construction operation. It is necessary to understand national culture which may lead to conflict among organization and is related to project performance and achievement. The researcher tried to investigate the effect of cultural dimensions on behaviors, base on national culture dimensions, in construction organization in Thailand.

Mr. Adithep Roobleak made a study which objectives were to: (1) identify national cultural dimensions of the construction engineers; (20 investigate the practical behavior base on the cultural dimensions of the engineers at construction sites; and (3) propose appropriate recommendations to improve the behavior of construction engineers concerning effective management of construction sites.

Conclusions

The conclusions were brought out based on data analysis to corroborate the objectives of this study. The first objective was achieved by distributing questionnaire to identify culture dimension of the construction engineer. Mean calculating was used for test the culture dimension different between Thai people and the construction engineer. The second objective was done by interviewing the construction engineer and site observation. The researcher investigates behavior of the construction engineer affected by Hofstede cultural dimensions. The third objective was achieved after interview the construction engineer.

The culture dimensions on the construction engineer

Power distance overall score on the construction engineer is 2.62 (52.4 out of hundred). The score is not different from Thai national index (64.0) by statistical testing. The construction engineers tend to not accepting the feedback from their subordinate. They always give the order to their subordinates by using command and by passing the boss command is insubordination. However, the decision making for them should be done by group more than taking the boss decision. This means that the construction engineers keep distance between them and their subordinates. According to the survey, the construction engineers who have higher age tend to have more power distance also.

Uncertainty avoidance overall score on the construction engineers is 3.34 (66.8 out of hundred). The score is not different from Thai national index (65.0) by statistical testing. The construction engineers always go to observe work progress because they do not want to eliminate all the risk that may happen. They do not delegate that much work to their subordinates because they do not want to take responsibility after their subordinates fail. They using the new innovation for construction sometime only because they think that it may not work in their projects.

However, they do not give much punishment to their subordinates who fail to do the work because they want to keep their relationship. This can indicate that the construction engineers have a bit on high uncertainty avoidance.

Collectivism overall score on the construction engineers is 3.97 (79.4 out of hundred). The score is not different from Thai national index (80.0) by statistical testing. The construction engineers extremely want to work in team. They do not want to work individually and they prefer to get group training. They think that the reward should be given to everybody not to personally. They feel that group meeting is very important for them. This can point out that the construction engineers have high collectivism.

Masculinity overall score on the construction engineers is 1.54 (30.8 out of hundred). The score is not different from Thai national index (34.0) by statistical testing. The construction engineers are not emphasizing on project’s achievement rather than maintain relationship among others. It is more important for them to have better connection. They give same treatment to different gender in the project and they are not assertive leader. There are not large amounts of challenging work that they give to their subordinates. These indicators reveal the construction engineers to be more on femininity.

Long term orientation overall score on the construction engineers is 2.03 (40.6 out of hundred). The score is different from Thai national index (56.0) by statistical testing. The engineers have little commitment when they do the work and they do not want to stay with the company for long time. Actually Thai are long term oriented but most of the respondents are young so they believe that they can go for new company. The respondent company at that time was not in stable condition. This is the main reason that leads them to be short term oriented.

Recommendation to improve On-site management

For achieving the final objective of this study, the last research objective is completed by proposing the recommendation for improving on site culture management that appropriate Thai construction.

Employing the new construction is affected by high uncertainty avoidance. Working in group and taking group decision can reduce uncertainty avoidance in person. Thus, the company should set committee for taking decision about the new technique together. It is not only engineer from site operation who takes decision. High power distance also effect to using the new technique. Power distance can be reduced by having social activity between engineer and worker. Every construction site should arrange trips for everybody. This method reduces distance between engineer and worker.

Monitoring work progress is affected by high power distance. The workers do not want to tell real progress which is delay to engineers who has high distance between them. Thus, high power distance should be reduced. It can be reduced by having social activity like previous topic also. Uncertainty avoidance affects monitoring also. It has positive impact. The construction engineer has high uncertainty avoidance which makes them always check and monitor work progress.

Instructing can be affected by high power distance. Engineers who have high power distance give order by command. They do not persuade their worker. Even though some worker get use to with being told to do the work. It is still better to give orders by persuade the worker. The best way to motivate worker is giving their need according to Maslow theory. However, good relationship is also important. The construction engineers are feminism so they concern about relationship. This is positive factor for on-site construction management.

High power distance has negative impact to site safety. Thus, safety training should be done in group. The engineer and worker should be together in safety training. This makes reduction the distance between them. Collectivism is positive factor for safety because the engineer working together can identify more hazards. The worker also when working in group can communicate more about safety issues.

Feminism also takes positive impact for safety. Either engineer or worker who are feminism when face with unsafe behaviors or condition, they tend to stop working rather than continue the work. They do not concern only getting the job done. However, Feminism makes the engineers or workers do not report to safety officers about unsafe behaviors that their friend did during the work. It is because they do not want to lose relationship. It is common in Thailand for giving punishment or blame to the person who did unsafe behaviors. Thus, safety officer themselves should not look for the person who did it for giving punishment. They should find solution of it.

His thesis abstract is copied and posted.

ABSTRACT

Many studies have shown that national culture varies with different management practice, such as strategic decision making, leadership style and human resource management. The differences between management practices and national culture would affect performance at the workplace. This study tried to investigate the effect of different cultures dimensions, based on national culture dimensions, on behaviors of construction engineers in Thailand and tried to propose appropriate recommendations for effective management of construction sites.

The study used questionnaire as a research instrument. The questionnaire explores the national culture in each dimension of construction engineers. Interviewing and site observation was conducted to gain more understanding about the construction engineers. Data analysis is conducted by using explanation which all important evidences were describe and statistic methods were used to analyze data from questionnaire surveys.

The result from the study showed that every dimension of national cultures have an impact on the construction engineers. High power distance of the engineer mainly causes many negative impacts for managing construction projects. Uncertainty avoidance, Femininity and individualism also take both negative and positive impact to the projects. Long term orientations of the engineers are different from national score. The engineers are shore term oriented which cause them to have short term carrier and low commitment with company. The culture dimensions cause the engineer do things different from others who have different score in the culture dimensions. Those behaviors have an impact on site operation. Employing new technique, planning and monitoring, Instructing and site safety are affected by those behaviors. Thus, on site operation are effected by national culture. Adjusting the national culture dimension either increase or decrease lead to effective on-site management.