Happy New Year!

Happy New Year!

Thank you for reading!



Video - Hydraulic modular trailer heavy haulage in Sudan(TIANDI)

TIANDI-FLJ Own Product Scope:
(Manufacture and Supply)
- Hydraulic Modular Trailer
- Self-propelled modular trailer(SPT, SPMTs)
- Shipyard Transporter
- Span Carrier
- Windmill Transporter
- Special Trailers
- Tunnel Boring Machine, etc.

Sales Contact: Jeff Lee +86 186 0768 9697
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Addtional sourcing service from China also avaliable.

Random Pole shots

Sastrugi, the wind-formed snow shapes.











Sun dogs caused by ice crystals in the atmosphere. The person in the picture is recovering air-dropped materials.









The South Pole Station library.











The Mass Casualty Drill: test of emergency response systems at the Pole. This year's drama was an airplane making an emergency landing, passengers get clear, and then the plane explodes killing and injuring firefighters.









South Pole public transit.

Hot water drilling

Our deeper holes are drilled with hot water, using a modified version of the IceCube hot water trencher. It drilled holes down to 40m for us this year, and next year should be making 200-250m dry (pumped-out) holes, all of them 6" in diameter.

Knapheide KUV and Sortimo Storage Solutions

Mike Soich of Knapheide Manufacturing shows us their partnership with the world leader in storage solutions in vechicles, Sortimo. Knapheide has designed special shelves prepunched to accomodate varied box sizes to allow for maximum storage and to match individual business needs and desires. It is a brilliant use of the space and helps people be more efficient and effective.

The Sortimo boxes are available in the Knapheide KUV body, and all of Knapheide's service body products.

This video was taken with a Flip camera at a Knapheide event in Livermore, CA in October, 2010.

See more about Knapheide products at http://www.knapheide.com/ and you can see the full range of products from Sortimo at http://www.sortimo.com/.

Aerial images of IceCube Lab

Field work

Been out yesterday and today installing antennas and deploying the electronics. Updates with photos in another day or two. Plus I got hero pictures...

View of the ARA TestBed site

Foreground: black warning flags for buried cables and detectors, and the bright flag marking an IceCube hole. Background: vehicle headed out to the TestBed, it's a bit over a mile away, following an ice road, and the TestBed is seen just by a small snow pile.


First power up of the instrument over the whole cable run.


Trenches at the TestBed site.


Augering a shallow hole.

Extended Stay, South Pole

Will be extending my stay on the ice by a week, until 1/19/2011, due to someone not being able to make it down here. Promise that I won't decide to stay over the winter though!

A Few Photos Of Some Of Our Work At West Coast Truck Equipment

Here's a little sample slideshow of some of our work. You can see that we do light duty all the way to heavy duty trucks and from plain flatbeds to ultra-customized jobs. We have the suppliers and the expertise to assist you in getting the perfect truck body arrangement. Give us a call at 916-376-0690.

Airplane life list

Based on a discussion we were having here at the Pole, what airplanes have you flown on?

Military, US
- C-5 Galaxy
- C-17 Globemaster
- C-130 & ski-equipped LC-130 Hercules
- C-141 Starlifter

Military, other
- Kiwi C-130
- Russian-built Antonov, contracted, An-124?

Civilian, passenger jet
- Boeing 727, 737, 747, 757, 767, & 777 in various configurations
- AirBus 319, 320, 330, & 340
- McDonald-Douglas DC-9, DC-10, MD-90
- Tupolev Tu-154
- some smaller Russian jet, Tupolev?

Civilian, smaller
- Saab 340
- Embraer something or other
- Canadair Regional Jet
- de Havilland Dash-8, Otter, Buffalo, & Twin Otter
- Basler DC-3/C-47 adaptation

Shallow ARA antennas

We have a small number of shallow antennas for the ARA TestBed, these were installed in bored holes in the snow. Hot water drilling for deeper holes should commence later today.

BBC Worldwide 12 Days of Christmas: Day 2

Happy Boxing Day from BBC Worldwide! Vic Reeves and Bob Mortimer lend a surreal hand (or should that be wing?) as they coo down 'The Dove from Above' for the second verse of the BBC Worldwide 12 Days of Christmas in this hilarious clip from Shooting Stars. Watch more high quality videos on the BBC Worldwide YouTube channel here: http://www.youtube.com/bbcworldwide

Q & A from the 7th grade science classes (Menomonie, WI)

For most of these, I'm going to give what I think of as a scientist answer. That is, a short answer, and then an explanation or refinement of the answer. Hope this is useful for the classes! These are great questions, over a huge range of topics. Fun to sit and write the answers as well!

Do you think we could capture neutrinos and use them for a purpose (like for an energy source?)
We certainly don't know how to do anything like that at the moment. But it's an interesting possibility, and many great advances in science and technology were hard to predict ahead of time. Lasers went from being lab curiosities to present in every CD, DVD, blu-ray, and cat toy within thirty years. Nuclear power went from an abstract theory to a commercial source of electrical power in about twenty five years. So in our lifetimes, it's not impossible that we'd have neutrino energy or neutrino communications.

What type of information are you looking for from your data?
We're looking to detect these very high energy neutrinos. Lower energy ones from the Sun and from showers/cascades of particles in the atmosphere have been well-measured, but no one has observed neutrinos from astronomical sources. We believe that they must be there, and, in fact, not being able to see them would probably be more revolutionary than seeing them. Our data, in detail, is the time profile (think of a graph of signal intensity versus time) of a very fast pulse in radio waves at a wide range of frequencies. The times of interest are measured in billionths of a second (nanoseconds (cool bit of information, light travels about one foot in one nanosecond)), and the signals are a few times louder (voltage or power) than the random fluctuations that are always present. We'd want to see the signal in a number of different antennas to tell direction and energy of the neutrino that made the pulse.

How do you stay warm? (what do you wear?)
We're issued some pretty good parkas and cold weather gear. There are some pictures at duvernois.blogspot.com under Extreme Cold Weather (ECW, which is what the gear is called) equipment. Basically you need thermal underwear tops and bottoms, polypro sock liners plus wool socks, insulated pants and a fleece jacket, a balaclava and a hat over that, two layers of gloves, and then ski pants or ski overalls, heavy cold weather boots and a parka. Because it can be so bright, you also need ski goggles. When it gets below about -50F or so, folks working outside typically use chemical heat packs in their boots and gloves. Frost nip and frostbite are occupational hazards here. During the winter season, emergency work is sometimes done outside down below -100F but one can't be out there for too long.

Do you have running water to shower?
I'm living in the new elevated South Pole Station which is heated and does have running (hot and cold) water. All of the water though has to be melted from snow which takes a lot of energy, so there are strict water conservation rules. You're limited to two two-minute showers per week and one load of (cold wash) laundry per week. Out at the small camps and bases in Antarctica using snow for daily cleaning is normal, and the only hot water is from a small pot on a stove. Folks are relative grimy here overall.

Has anyone ever been injured while working on project icecube?
There have never been any serious injuries on IceCube, though there have been a few close calls. Those have mostly been with the heavy equipment and cranes operating overhead. IceCube has a fairly extensive (many hundreds of pages) safety manual and most of the work done here is, more or less, in accord with US style safety regulations. Minor injuries are relatively common, it is both extremely cold and dry which means that it's very easy to have bleeding cuts and scrapes that are typical with any mechanical work. Additionally there are the cases of frost nip, especially at the beginning of the summer season when it's still warming up. There are many tales, some of them even true, around the Antarctic program of terrible accidents at various times and places. There are wrecked aircraft on the ends of several of the runways down here.

How did they drill the holes? What do you do if your equipment breaks down?
Both the IceCube and ARA holes are drilled with hot water. Essentially there is a big tub of hot water, and a long pair of hose (one inlet and one outlet) and the necessary pumps and heaters. Hot water is pumped through the hose into the snow, and water is pumped back to be reheated. The hose is let out slowly and it sinks down into the ice. It takes about two days (working 24 hour per day) to drill down 1 1/2 miles in the ice. The resulting hole is about 14-18" in diameter (with this drill setup, you could make it wider by slowing down the advance of the hose or increasing the flow of water), filled with water, and 12" diameter modules are lowered into the hole. The warm water in that hole takes up to a week to refreeze solid at which point the electronics are there to stay.

The folks who built the drill are here at Pole operating it, so they can work on any problems with it. In general, there is a lot of ability floating around here, any bulldozer, snowmobile, washing machine, radio transmitter, or aircraft here in the field has to be able to be repaired in the field. Some problems might require parts to be shipped in or the use of spares rather than repairs.

How is the equipment powered?
The station heat and electricity comes from diesel. The vehicles on the ground here are powered with either diesel or gasoline. Electricity is generated where required with small electrical generators which are also either gas or diesel. McMurdo used to have a nuclear reactor, and they have some new wind turbines. At the South Pole there is huge interest, both environment (we burn a lot of fuel in the middle of a pretty pristine place) and logistics (all of that fuel is flown down to the Pole on airplanes with the exception of a small amount which arrives on a land traverse, picture a convoy of big tracked dozers pulling sleds with fuel bladders on them), in making more green power. The problems though are difficult (otherwise it would already have been done!), sunlight only 1/2 of the year plus clearing the snow off of the solar panels, it's windy in the summer, but often windless in the winter...

Do you need a certain certification to be part of project icecube? How were you chosen to be part of the research project?
The IceCube folks are basically of three backgrounds: science, these are almost all Ph.D. physicists (as experimentalists we work on the instruments as well as the science, so picture a lab of electronics and sensors rather than formulas on a blackboard); technical, we have a couple of project management folks and engineers, typically they have spent much or all of their careers working closely with scientists; and drillers, these are folks hired in to work on the drilling, they have a WIDE variety of backgrounds and when they aren't drilling for IceCube they might be on the north slope in Alaska, or on a rig in the north sea, or putting in deep wells in Saudi Arabia. There are always exceptions, especially in the whole Antarctic end of things. The gal who runs the communications facility at the South Pole Station was our camp manager many years ago in McMurdo on a balloon campaign. Folks with the US Antarctic Program jobs tend to keep showing up around the continent that they love.

Well, ARA is the successor instrument to another experiment called ANITA in which I played a role. When I got a job at the University of Wisconsin, physics department and IceCube Research Center, it was mostly for ARA and to bring some real radio detection capability to the group, Since then I've also become part of the IceCube experiment. In the sciences, other than applying for a specific job, most every research project would love to have someone come knocking at the door expressing interest in the project and a willingness to (initially at least, especially if you don't have a lot of background) volunteer.

How did they know where to drill the holes?
We have them laid out on a map, and then there's a survey team that comes around and marks the actual spot to be drilled with a wooden stake and a label. They have a number of surveyed spots around the station, and using a mix of GPS and traditional surveying tools (transit and level) are able to mark spots to a few inches. Afterwards, they come around and redo the work to measure the "as built" locations which could be a tiny bit different than the ideal locations. For the detectors we need to know where they are precisely, but they don't have to be in the exact locations we specified initially. For example, near the station, you might mark a location on the map, but later discover that a cable runs through there, so you move the location over a foot or two. But then later you measure that actual location to better precision.

The folks who do the surveying work in Antarctica are a really small community, as there are a lot of details which are dramatically different than surveying other places. Markers are buried by snow each year, and even simple things like "100 feet east" are pretty complicated when you're at the Pole and everything is north of you (sort of).

How many people are in your camp? How big is your camp area?
The South Pole population is updated every day or so on the main monitors in the galley. It's currently 240 people. About 125 people have berths (tiny rooms, 6x8') in the main station. The rest of the people live out in what is called summer camp, about 100 yards from the main station. They live in (somewhat) heated double wall long tents. Basically bunkhouses. There is a race around the Pole tomorrow (on Christmas morning) and that race goes all the way around all of the fuel dumps, the equipment storage, the cargo berms, and the ski taxiway. That is a total distance of 2.1 miles.

The IceCube experiment starts within a couple hundred yards of the station, and at the farthest is about 1/2 mile away. ARA is building another 1/2 mile behind the far edge of IceCube. Ultimately, we'd like to build something about 20 miles on a side, covering 400 or so square miles.

Have they ever found anything in the ice while drilling?
All of the IceCube drilling area was checked over with ground-penetrating radar before drilling began. The ice that the South Pole station (and previous stations) is built on is moving, and old station material, buried by lots of compressed snow were found with the radar ahead of construction. There are whole buried buildings, pallets of cargo, and who knows what else from the past sixty years of stations out there. During the drilling, there weren't any report of really hitting something, although if the hole intersected with some small item, say a screwdriver dropped in the snow by Byrd's parties in 1958, it wouldn't have been noticed, and ultimately would have ended up at the very bottom (sinking down through the water) of the hole. ARA is being built well outside of where people have ever had camps, so there's no expectation of finding anything!

Near McMurdo, there are some dry valleys (called the Dry Valleys of Antarctica) which have no snow cover. It's blown out of them by the wind. These areas have abundant fossils, and there are hints that there is probably oil down there in the rocks. At the South Pole, the rock is over 1 1/2 miles down.

What are neutrinos made of?
Neutrinos are fundamental particles, which means they aren't made up of anything else. No sub-pieces to them. The so-called Standard Model of Particle Physics has three generations of particles: the lowest generation is the one we're somewhat familiar with, the electron and its antiparticle, the positron, and then the electron-neutrino and the electron-anti-neutrino. The neutrino was originally postulated as having to exist (as a nearly invisible particle) to carry off energy and momentum in observed particle collisions. Imagine the following, you throw a tennis ball to a friend of yours, she catches the ball, but goes flying backwards. Something other than that tennis ball was involved. Okay, now change those to subatomic particles, and the "something else" is the neutrino. In modern times, neutrino detectors have had great success, but fundamentally the neutrino doesn't interact very much, so detectors have to be large. Here at the South Pole we're sitting on the world's largest piece of clear (in light AND radio) material which is why it's a good place to put a detector system.

At what concentration levels are neutrinos found in the ice/air?
The neutrinos that we're measuring are passing through. They're traveling at very close to the speed of light as they pass through the ice (or the air). In fact, in a material, the speed of light is lower than it is in no material (in vacuum) and these particles are traveling faster than light in the material. The emission made by such objects is called Cherenkov light (after the Russian who explained the phenomena, this is the blue glow in movies from inside reactors). That said, there are many millions of neutrinos passing through your body in the time it takes to read this sentence. Some of them come from the nuclear reactions in the heart of the Sun, some from cosmic ray particles hitting the atmosphere and making showers of secondary particles, some from each nuclear reactor on Earth, some from decaying natural radioactives in the Earth itself, and some (the few, but the ones we're interested in) from supernovae, active galaxies, colliding black holes, and other fun (which means here dramatic and violent) astronomical sources. An exact number here hides that they come from many directions, many sources, with a wide range of energies (more than a factor of 100000000000000 in energy between the lowest energy (nuclear decay or reactor) neutrinos and the highest energy capabilities of ARA and ANITA).

Thanks much and cheers,
Mike DuVernois, writing on Christmas Eve, at the South Pole (well, about 100 feet from the South Pole)


----- Original Message -----
From: Michael DuVernois
Subject: Re: science

Hello,
Let me send along the following, layperson explanations of the two experiments.

ARA and IceCube are both looking for neutrinos from high-energy systems in the universe. Neutrinos are small, nearly massless subatomic particles that pass through material with only the rarest interactions. In fact, IceCube is most interested in neutrinos which have already gone through most of the Earth and happen to interact in the ice near the detector going upwards. IceCube looks for the light emission from the neutrino interactions in the ice. ARA looks for a coherent pulse (lasting on order of a billionth of a second, a nanosecond) of radio emission. We use the ice because it is both light transparent and radio transparent. The remoteness of the site, the South Pole, reduces the anthropogenic backgrounds so the real physics signal stands out more clearly. In detail, the two experiments are optimized for different energy ranges: IceCube for lower energies, and signals associated with supernovae, and ARA for higher energies, and signals associated with the most energetic particles in the universe (the so-called GZK cosmic rays).

There is a lot more, at layperson, general scientifically trained audience, and technical levels on the IceCube website. There are a couple of less technical explanations of the ANITA experiment which is a balloon-borne experiment which is the intellectual godmother of ARA: for example, http://www.phys.hawaii.edu/~anita/web/science.html

Cheers,
Mike

On Nov 17, 2010, at 8:31 PM, Michael DuVernois wrote:

Some additional information...
I am going to Antarctica to work on different projects, the Askaryan Radio Array (ARA) in which I have a large role, but it's a small startup project, and IceCube for which I am a small part of a large project.
ARA:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askaryan_Radio_Array
http://ara.physics.wisc.edu/

(Not much there, more as the detector gets built.)

IceCube:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IceCube_Neutrino_Observatory
http://icecube.wisc.edu/

My blog:
http://duvernois.blogspot.com/

Currently it's not South Pole specific, but will be once I head out. My flight out of the US is on December 15th, will be at Pole on December 21st, and will leave the ice around January 14th.

IceCube blogs from Pole:
http://blog.icecube.wisc.edu/

There are several websites that have material about Antarctica.
http://www.usap.gov/
http://icestories.exploratorium.edu/dispatches/index.php

The Polartrec website has classroom resources as well as other information.
http://www.polartrec.com/

Here is a link to videos that we produced with the Madison School District. Each video is one minute long
www.icecube.wisc.edu/~malkus/Video/MMSDVideo
There are only three different videos. Some are in different sizes or formats.

The University of Delaware has a nice site too.
http://www.expeditions.udel.edu/antarctica/building-icecube-icetop.html

Michael DuVernois
Instrumentation Manager & Scientist
IceCube Research Center & Antarctic Astrophysics Center
222 West Washington Avenue, Suite 500
Madison, WI 53703 USA

Actual work on the ARA experiment

Most of the posts here so far have been about the travel and about the station, rather than about the work we're doing. There are four of us here working on the ARA antennas & electronics at the moment: Peter Gorham, Bryan Hill, and Christian Miki, all from the University of Hawaii, and myself. Two other folks, Albrecht Karle and Jim Haugen, are working on logistics and support for the project. And there is a LARGE number of drillers working on the ARA hot water drill, some of them I know from Wisconsin, and some I've just met down here on the ice.

So far, we've installed a set of shallow antennas for the array, sealed up the electronics, gotten the cabling out to the site, and are ready for more holes (deeper ones) and antennas come Monday.

Merry Christmas From West Coast Truck Equipment

Merry Christmas from West Coast Truck Equipment!

Have a wonderful weekend.



BBC Worldwide 12 Days of Christmas: Day 1

Merry Christmas from BBC Worldwide! The madcap Hairy Bikers herald the arrival of the BBC Worldwide 12 Days of Christmas with their fantastic twist on a festive dish as they cook roast partridge with spiced pears. Download this recipe and many more from the BBC Food website at http://www.bbc.co.uk/food/recipes/roa... Watch more high quality videos on the BBC Worldwide YouTube channel here: http://www.youtube.com/bbcworldwide

Christmas dinner at the South Pole

Well, Christmas dinner is a big deal at the Pole, lots of folks dress up, and there's a trio of meal sittings with a set table, and yule logs burning (on the overhead monitors). The meal was Beef Wellington, lobster tails, a couple of different mashed potatoes, and stacks of desserts on trays coming around. The science grantees buy the wine for the whole station, and volunteers keep the wine glasses full. Before dinner there are appetizers in the hall outside, duck on a quacker, baked brie, scallops, etc.

Station images

The saltine challenge

It appears that I have tied the current South Pole station record by eating six saltine crackers in one minute with no liquid. There are rumors that some Kiwi may have done seven last year. No video available.

The Spitzlift Portable Aluminum Crane Demonstration

This is a video presentation by Michael Spitsbergen, CEO of SpitzLift Light Weight Portable Cranes of Poway, CA. This video was shot with a Flip camera at a Knapheide Manufacturing event in Livermore, CA in October 2010. The other person speaking is Mike Soich of Knapheide Manufacturing. See more information on SpitzLift at http://www.spitzlift.net/, and Knapheide Manufacturing at http://www.knapheide.com/.

Call West Coast Truck Equipment at 916-376-0690 for more information.

My berth in the South Pole Station

That's my desk, laptop, books, South Pole VHF radio, my radio scanner, and cameras. There's a bunk right behind me, and a pair of small dressers under the bunk. That's it. About a six foot wide room by about eight foot long. Cramped, but comfortable enough. Got to be quiet though as there are night shift folks nearby.







But, only a hundred or so feet away...













The middle of those windows is mine.













Hallway near the mail room.

Flying to McMurdo

Aerial shot of some ice features.


Little spots of open water and sea ice.


Of course before that we flew over open ocean, the Southern Ocean.


The scene inside the plane. PAX (passengers at the walls) and cargo down the middle of the C-17.


Another interminable briefing. With cold weather gear scattered about.

Okay, this is skipping back a few days in time, but there was a lot to fill in and I got busy as soon as I got down to the station.

Here's the CHC (Christchurch) to MCM (McMurdo base) drill:
- Wake up early
- Take shuttle bus/van to the Clothing Distribution Center
- Leave any bags you need to leave, pack you checked bags, and have a carry-on bag
- Get your cold weather gear on
- In your big boots and heavy gear, go get some breakfast
- Come back, go through security, and take a bus over to the plane where they hand you a bagged lunch
- You sit in the paratrooper mesh jump seats along the side of the plane
- It's extremely loud, hearing protection is required on the flight
- Take off, fly, and land
- Then offload onto a bus, drive into town, get a boring talk (oh yeah, there was a boring talk just ahead of the security screening in CHC as well), get your room key, pick up linens, get your checked bags, move into your room, have dinner, and haul your bags (checked and carry-on) (called bag-drag) up to be weighed, take your carry-on back with you, and get some sleep before your Pole flight the next day

TIANDI TJV1 18x3 700T transport

TIANDI TJV1 18x3 700T transport
原由 Jefflee09 上載

TIANDI TJV1 Hydraulic modular trailer 18x3 transports a 700t reation tower.

Sales Contact:
Jeff Lee
+86 186 0768 9697
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Choosing The Right Crane

Crane capacity is typically stated in one of two ways:

Foot*Pounds / Overturning Moment - typically used when describing Pedestal cranes.

The Foot*Pound rating is independent of the Maximum Lifting Capacity of the winch itself.

For example: the ET10KX is rated for 10,800 ft*lbs.   The Maximum Lifting Capacity of the winch is 3,200 lbs (using snatch block to provide 2 part line).

- or -

Maximum Lifting Capacity - typically used when describing Mast cranes

For example, the CT2004FB is rated for 2,000 lbs.  It is able to handle 2,000 lbs a maximum of 3 feet from the center of rotation, making it a 6,000 ft*lb crane.

 

How to determine Foot*Pounds (Overturning Moment)

a)      Determine the WEIGHT of the load to be picked up.

b)      Determine the DISTANCE from the Center of Crane Rotation to the spot where the load is to be picked up.

c)      FOOT*POUNDS = DISTANCE x WEIGHT

Example #1:  2000 lb WEIGHT to be picked up at 10 feet = 20,000 ft*lbs

                       Venturo crane to be used = ET25KX or HT25KX

      Example #2:  1000 lb WEIGHT to be picked up at 20 feet = 20,000 ft*lbs

                             Venturo crane to be used = ET25KX or HT25KX

Note that in both examples, the required Foot*Pounds was the same.  It is important to determine the greatest Foot*Pounds requirement (“worst case scenario”) when selecting your crane capacity.

 

When considering a Ferrari Knuckle-Boom (Articulating) Crane:

To convert Foot*Pounds to Meter*Tonnes, divide by 7,260.

7,260 ft*lbs = 1 meter*tonne

 

In most cases the Foot*Pounds calculation will dictate the model of crane to be used, the GVW of the truck, and the type of body.

This page is courtesy of Venturo Cranes. See more at http://www.venturo.com/

The Clothing Distribution Center

This is the warehouse with the massive amounts of ECW gear for Antarctic use. It's much reduced from what it must have been at the beginning of the season, lots of empty spots.

No size 14 or 15 Baffin boots for me. No Carhartt overalls to fit me either.

Extreme Cold Weather clothing (ECW)

This is the gear that we get issued for Antarctica. You can bring your own stuff, and most everyone does, but many of the items you get from the Clothing Distribution Center (see the next blog entry). Here's the gloves, hats, and boots: top boot is the Baffin (a new, much in demand boot), middle is the FDX (pretty warm and fairly usable), and the bottom is the "Bunny Boot" (think Disney, which I've always found to be too warm and have not enough traction).

The cap, insulated gloves, and all are good. The first time I went to the ice we had to have our Mitten, Gauntlet on for the flight. They're ridiculously warm and clumsy.







Balaclavas, more hats, goggles (am using them at Pole, but never did at McMurdo, sunglasses worked fine there), neck gaiters, and hats. On the left edge is a wind jacket in red with the US Antarctic Program logo, and thermal underwear tops and bottoms (I brought my own of the latter).








And the final items, "Big Red" on the left is the Canada Goose heavy parka, super-warm, and ubiquitous on the ice. Next up is the Carhartt parka, and then the wind pants/overalls (or Carhartt option). Carhartts are more rugged and preferred for outside work.